Puma Punku

• Wāhi helu: Tiwanaku, Bolivia
• Helu kelepona: + 591 6666 6666
• Ka lā palena o ka hanaʻana: 530-560 makahiki. AD

ʻO Puma Punku kahi mea mana loa o Bolivia . ʻO kēia megalithic complex i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4,000 mau mika, kahi kokoke i ke kaiʻo Titicaca a me kekahiʻano likeʻole,ʻo Tiwanaku . ʻO ka inoa "Puma Punku" ua unuhiʻiaʻo "Puma's Gate".

Ka makahiki o ke kūkuluʻana: nā kuʻuna a me nā paio

Ma muli o nā hopena o kaʻikepili radiocarbon, nā lāʻepekema e hoʻokumu i 530-560 mau makahiki o ko mākou au, akā,ʻaʻole nā ​​mea a pau eʻae like me kēia, ke hoʻolālā nei i ka like like me ka nui o Tiwanaku, kahi i hiki i ka 15th century BC. e.

Hoʻokumu ia i ka kānalua no ka "makahiki kānāwai" o ka hale aʻo ka mea maoliʻaʻole i mālamaʻia nā puna moʻolelo i kākauʻia e kuhikuhi ana i ka pilikia. ʻO kēia meaʻoiaʻiʻo ka mea e hoʻomaka ai ka paio nui e pili ana i ka mea likeʻo Puma Punk a me keʻano o kāna hana i ka moʻomeheu o nāʻohana e noho ana i laila.

ʻAʻole i hōʻoiaʻia e ka'ōpiopio'ōpiopio o ka paʻakikī aʻikeʻia nā mea'anakamai i hanaʻia maʻaneʻi - Fuente Magna. ʻO kēia he moku nui o nā mea kani, a hoʻohālikeʻia nā paia o nā paia me nā kiʻi hukiʻi o ka cuneiform Sumerian mua. Hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻo Fuente Magna i nā mea kūponoʻole - nā mea i hikiʻole ke hōʻoia e pili ana i ke kaʻina manawa o ka hoʻolālā. I kēia manawa, mālamaʻiaʻo Fuente Magna ma La Paz, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o nā Monohana Nui, a ua hoʻopauʻia ka palapala ma ke pola.

He aha ka pilikia?

ʻO Puma Punku kahiʻoihana i hanaʻia i loko o ka lepo (ma nāʻaoʻao, kahakaiʻia ka one o nā kahawai me nā pōhaku momona) a kāwiliʻia me nā'āpana megalith. Mai ke kūkulu'ākau a hiki i ke kūkulu hema kahi kokoke i 168 m, mai ka hikina a hiki i ke komohana - i ka 117. Ma nā kihi - ma ka'ākau'ākau a me ke kūkulu hema - ua hanaʻia kekahi mauʻenehana rectangular. Hoʻopuni ka puʻu i ke kahua o kahiʻano like.

I ka wā mua,ʻo ka Puma Punk, e like me ka hana houʻiaʻana, he pūʻulu o nā hale i keʻano o ka leka "T" ma luna o kahi puʻu i hoʻopuniʻia e ka piʻi o nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi, a hiki i nā kilo kilokika. ʻO ka "leg" o ka huapalapala "T" uaʻanoʻeleʻele. Maikaʻi a hiki i kēia manawa, ua hiki mai ka pilikia ma kahiʻanoʻinoʻino - ua'ānaiʻia ka hale e kahi kahakai nui loa, a ua hoʻohanaʻia nā'āpana pōhaku ma ka 20st century no ka pōhaku pōhakuʻeha.

Akā -ʻaʻoleʻo nā mea a pau,ʻaʻole iʻaeʻia e ka nui o kekahi poʻe e hoʻohana. Eia kekahi laʻana, ma kaʻaoʻao Litice - he hale ma ka hikina o ka hale - kahi mahele pālahalaha 7 m 81 cm ka lōʻihi, 5 m 17 cm ke ākea a 1 m 7 cm kaʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kaulike o kēia pāpale he 131 mau ta. ʻO kēia ka pahu nui loa (akāʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi) i loaʻa ma Puma Punku wale nō, akā ma Tiaunako hoʻi. Heʻuʻuku keʻano o nā papa'ē aʻe, akā, he 20 kekona ko lākou kaumaha. Hanaʻia lākou e keʻano heʻelima, heʻeleʻeleʻulaʻula a he melesite.

ʻO Riddles o ka Puma-Punuka

ʻO keʻano o ka hāʻawiʻana i nā pōhaku kekahi o nā mea huna i hoʻonohonoho i ke kūlanakauhale o Puma-Punk i kāna mau noiʻi. ʻO ka waihona, kahi eʻikeʻia ai e nāʻepekema he pōhaku pōhaku e hiki ke laweʻia,ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi he 17 mau mile, aʻo ka'āina ma waena o ka pahu a ua kāpiliʻia ka waihona, aʻaʻole hoʻi he alanui wale nō, akā he hōʻailona i hoʻokahi manawa . Aʻo ke kikowaena o kaʻoni e noho ana ma kahi mamao aku, ma kahi o 90 km mai Puma Punuka.

Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole kēia mea huna wale nō, aia nā mea'ē aʻe he nuiʻole i kēia mau mea:

1. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poho e ola nei he mau hana ia no nā mea hana o kēiaʻano paʻakikī wale nō me ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana o nāʻenehana hou, aʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kekahi mau hana maʻamau i kēia manawa. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia maanei he mau poho o nāʻano likeʻole, kekahi pahi i paiʻia (paiʻia paha), hoʻopuni pono i nā puka o nā diameters e like me nā'āpana likeʻole. ʻAʻole hiki ke'ōleloʻia ua hiki ke hanaʻia me nāʻano hana kūikawā i hiki i nāʻohana India e noho ana ma kēia'āina. Ma ke ala, ua hōʻole nā ​​Indians i ko lākou komoʻana i ka hanaʻana iā Puma Punk. 'Ōlelo nā loio kūloko kahi i kūkuluʻia aiʻo Puma Punk e nā akua, a laila ua wāwahiʻo ia i kā lākou papa "ma ka hoʻouluʻana, e huli a hoʻolei i lalo."
2. I loko o ke kūkuluʻana, ua hoʻohanaʻia nā poʻomanaʻo likeʻole - ināʻaʻole no ka pōhaku,ʻoiai keʻano paʻakikī, hiki ke'ōleloʻia ua hanaʻia kēlā mau poraka ma ke kauʻana. Ua pili pono nā pōkole i kēlā me kēia - ma ke kauʻana,ʻaʻole i loko o ka'ōpala.
3. I kekahi mau wahi, i hoʻopaʻa ponoʻia nā mea i hanaʻia me nā metala e like me ke keleawe (he mea nuiʻole no Bolivia!), Arsenic a me nickel (ʻaʻole i loaʻa maʻaneʻi) i hoʻohanaʻia e pili i nā poloka i kekahi i kekahi.

ʻO ka mea pohihihi nui: he aha ka manawa i kohoʻia aiʻo Puma-Punuka?

Ua kapaʻia nā poʻe Indians iā Puma Punuka "kahi hoʻomaha no nā akua". Akā he aha keʻano o kēia hale?

Aia kekahi mau mana nui, e loaʻa ana i kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hōʻike pono'ī a me kona "mau wahi nāwaliwali":

1. Ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokumuʻo Bolthurian archaeologist o ka Polish polani Arthur Poznansky i ka hōʻailona o Puma Punk he awa - i ka pihaʻana o ke kahawaiʻo Lake Titicaca, i kēia manawa he 30 mau mile mai ka pūʻali. ʻO kēia palapala i kēia manawa,ʻaʻole ia i kū i ka hōʻailona -ʻo ke aʻoʻana i ka lalo o ke kai,ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa ai i nā mea i hōkaiʻia i nā hale kahiko i kona mau lā, e hōʻike anaʻaʻole i lilo iʻeleʻele, akā, iʻoi aʻe ka hohonu.
2. Ua ninaninauia ka pahuhopu me ke kokua o ka seismic prospecting, magnetometry a me na mea e ae, a hoike ia i loko o kahi laina mile i lalo o ia mau hale i na koena o na hale a me ka lako wai. Hōʻike pololeiʻia kēiaʻano e Puma Punk he kūlanakauhale i hōʻinoʻia .
3. ʻO kekahi o nā kānakaʻepekema,ʻoiai nā hopena o kēia mau aʻoʻana, e hakakā a he mea nui nuiʻo Puma Punku , e like me ka mea hoʻohuli a mea hoʻopuka pūnaewele paha o nā papa ahi. ʻO ke kumu no kēia hōʻikeʻana,ʻo ia keʻano o kekahi o nā pahu pōhaku e like me nā kiko'ī o kekahi mechanical pilikia. ʻO ka hui pūʻana o kekahi mau "kiko'ī" mai Puma Punk eʻike maopopoʻia ma ka kiʻi. Eia naʻe, no nā kiko kiko'ī o ka hana, nui ka poʻe i hoʻonani naniʻia ...

I kēia lā, he kūpono i ka mea nāna i kūkulu i ka Puma Punk, i ka wā i kūkuluʻia ai ka complex a,ʻo ka mea nui loa,ʻo ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia no -ʻaʻole ola.

Pehea e hele ai i Puma Punku?

Hiki iāʻoe ke hōʻea i ka pāʻani mai La Paz ma ka helu alanui 1. Hiki i ke ala ke lawe mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua aʻelua mau hola (e pili ana i nā pūnaewele kaʻa), ponoʻoe e hoʻokuʻu i kahi liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 75 km.