ʻO ka waina i nā maʻi nui a me nā maʻi kīnāʻole, a ua ulu pinepineʻia e nā meaʻeha. Ma kēiaʻatikala e haʻi aku mākou iāʻoe e pili ana i kahi o nā pokiki he mau mea'ālaʻi o nā hua waina, a me nā mea hana e kū'ē ai iā lākou.
Spider mite
Ma waho aʻe o nā hua waina,ʻo ka mīpī mīkini e hoʻopili iʻelua 200ʻano o nā mea kanu likeʻole. Hoʻopiliʻo ia i ka wai o nā lāina o ka hua waina, ka waiho mau i lalo o ka lau a noho ma laila a hiki i ka wā e pau ai nā meaolaola a pau i loko o laila. A laila hele ka mite i kahi lauʻiliahi, a pēlā aku nō. ʻO nā lālā, i popoʻia e ka poʻe pupule, e hulu melemele aiʻole eʻulaʻula, a laila e liʻiliʻi aʻehu. Piʻi ka'ōpiopio'ōpiopio o ka lālā iʻeha aʻoi aʻe ka māmā aʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka manawa. ʻO ka huapalapala hoʻi e pili ana i nā hua waina: lilo lākou i waikawa, a emi iho ka paʻakai.
ʻO ka inoa o kēia'ōwele i puka mai ma muli o kona "maʻamau" o ka hoʻolālāʻana i kona wahi e noho ai me nā kauhale. Ma muli o kēiaʻano, hiki ke maʻalahi kahi o ka wahi e hiki ai ke lawe i nā mea kūpono i ka manawa. No ka mālamaʻana i nā hua waina mai nā mīkini pest acaricides (nā hoʻomākaukau o Sanmayt, Neoron, Aktelik, Omayt, a me nā mea'ē aʻe), a me nā'ōpala e piha ana i ka sulfur.
ʻO ka hua waina
ʻO kēia pest, i kapaʻiaʻo "phytoptus",ʻo ia wale nō ka hopena o nā hua waina, he nui keʻano o nā hua. Ma kaʻaoʻao luna o ka lāina o ka lau, i hoʻopiliʻia e ka'ōmole, aia nā'ōpū, a ma lalo - nā poho like i uhiʻia me ka lauoho. ʻO ka hopena pololei o ka "hana" o ka'ōmoleʻana,ʻo ia ka hopena o ke photosynthesis o ka lau, aʻo ka manawa lōʻihi eʻulaʻula ai nā lau a hāʻule. Eia naʻe, ma luna o nā hua waina,ʻaʻole i paʻi ka zuden.
Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻiʻia ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o nā huawaina mai nā mea kanu e like me ka mīpī mite a me ka māna waina i ka hopena o Mei, e hoʻohuiʻia me nā mea kūpono e paʻi ai i nā lālā lau, e kūkākūkāʻia ma lalo nei. No ka palekana maikaʻi loa o nā huawaina mai nā meaʻehaʻai, e hoʻohana i nā insectoacaricides.
Philloxera
ʻO Phylloxera ka pest weliweli loa no nā hua waina. Heʻanoʻano aphids - nāʻupena liʻiliʻi e hānai ana i ka wai lāʻau, a kau wale i nā hua waina. ʻEluaʻano phylloxera - gallic (leafy) a me ke aʻa.
ʻO ka meaola mua e ola wale ana i nā lau, e hoʻonohonoho ana ma lalo o ka hua waina. Ma ka manawa hoʻokahi, eʻikeʻia nā mumule ma luna o laila, i kapaʻia nā kelepa, kahi e ola nei ka phylloxera. Ināʻaʻoleʻoe e hakakā, hiki i ka maʻi ke hele mai nā lau i nā antennae, nāʻoki a me nā hua waina.
Ke aʻa nei ka root phylloxera, ma muli o kēlā me kēia, ke kumu pakiaka o nā mea kanu. Me ka hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, hiki i kona laumei keʻano o ke kola a ke kumu paha a hoʻokuʻu aku i nā meaolaola a pau (ʻo ka waipika, nā momona a me nā proteins) i hoʻohuliʻia e nā enzymes o konaʻano maʻalahi e like me ke kūpono.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā huawaina mai nā meaʻeha he mea hoʻokahi o nāʻano o ka hakakāʻana i ka phylloxera. Eia kekahi,ʻo ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā (Confidor, Aktelik, a me nā mea'ē aʻe),ʻo ka mahiʻana i ka lepo ma ka palaʻaleʻa, a me ka mālaʻana o nāʻala waina e kū'ē ana i ka phylloxera (lepo, siliki, solonetsous a he one). Aʻo ka'ōnaehanaʻoi loa ka palekana - e hōʻoki iho i nā hopena a pau o ka maʻi i ka'āpana o ke kaohi.
Nā pepa pepa
ʻAʻole like i nā pīpī - nā mea hōʻemi i nā hua waina, nā pepa -ʻaʻole kēia he lapalapa naluʻole . E hōʻino lākou i nā hua waina, a laila e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻomohala i nā meaʻehaʻinoʻino, eʻoki ana i ka mea kanu. I loko o ko kākou latitudes,ʻo nāʻano lawaiʻaʻekolu e like me nā mea maʻamau:
- grozdevaya - kahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a brown paha, e pili ana i nā hua waina a me nā puawa waina.
- elua makahiki - he kōkoʻiki liʻiliʻi o ke kala melelena-kalaʻula, e hōʻino nui ana i nā pilikia a me nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio'ōpiopio;
- ka'ōpiopio - i ka hua'ōpiopio, eʻai ana i nā lau'ōpiopio o ka hua waina i ka puna.