ʻO ka'īpuka o'Isazara ka mea iʻikeʻia me ka paona a me ka nani o ka poʻe iʻike iā lākou i kēia mau lā, i ka wā e hiki keʻikeʻia he mauʻenehana hou. He paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka nui o kēia hana i ka wā i paʻa ai ke kūkuluʻana.
Ua kūkuluʻia ka puka Istar ma Babulona, ma ka makahiki 575 BC, ma lalo o ka Mō'ī Nebukaneza a pani i kahi mahele nui o nā pōhaku lepo i uhiʻia i ka polu polū'ōniʻoniʻo. Ua hoʻonaniʻia nā paia o ka pākaua me nā holoholona lapuwale, nā'īlio hihiu a me nā bipi, aʻo ko Babulona manaʻoʻana he mau hoaaloha no nā akua. He nui wale ka wikiwiki o ka heleʻana ma ka wao akua, kahi e nānā ai ka nānāʻana i kaʻili o ke one, a me nā alanui ākea o nā kūlanakauhale i hanaʻia i nā pōhaku o ke one o ke one, a hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka nani o ka nani o nā'īpuka polu o ke Akua akua i Babulona ma waena o ke aupuni.
Ma o ka'īpukaʻo Ishtar, ua hele nā hoʻolaha hemolele. "Eʻoliʻoli nā akua i ka wā e hele ai lākou i kēia alanui," wahi a Nebukaneza.
ʻO ka pīpī o ka pukaʻo Ishtar
ʻAʻole i nui ka nui o kēia hana hoʻohālikelike i ka nui e like me ka enamel. No ka hanaʻana, makemakeʻia nā mea,ʻaʻole i noho ma Papelonia. Ua laweʻia mai lākou mai kēlā mau'āina, i ia manawa i manaʻoʻia ai e ke ao nei. Pono e mālama mauʻia ka mahana no ka hanaʻana o ka enamel i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 900 ° C.
No ka loaʻaʻana o ke kapaʻulaʻula āuli i nā bricks a pau, pono ke heluʻia ka nui o ka wai no kēlā me kēia māhele o ka enamel me ka pololei loa. Ma hope o ka uhiʻiaʻana o nā pōhaku lepo i kaʻehu, ua puhiʻia lākou i ke ahi no nā hola he 12 i nā mahana ma luna o 1000 ° C.
I kēia lā,ʻo keʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana i loko o ka kapuahi e kākoʻoʻia e ka mea kelepona, a ke anaʻia ka nui o ka waiʻai i kahi palekanaʻeleʻele. Pehea e ana ai i ka nui o ka meaʻai a hoʻomau i ka mahana ma nā kapuahi no 500 makahiki BC? -ʻAʻole iʻikeʻia.
Ka hana hou
ʻO ka mua i loaʻa nā pōhakuʻula i uhiʻia me kaʻulaʻula uliuli. ʻO ka loaʻa o Robert Koledeweya he mea pōʻino wale nō, a he mau makahiki wale nō he 10 wale nō e loaʻa ai ke kālā no ka haoʻana. Hiki iāʻoe ke nānā i ke kahua hoʻolālā kaulana kaulana ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻikeʻo Peregamon ma Berlin, kahi i kūkulu houʻia ai ka'īpukaʻo Ishtar, i hakuʻia i nā makahiki 1930.
ʻO nā'āpana o ka'īpuka i kēia lā ma nā hale kiʻi likeʻole o ka honua: ma ka Hale HōʻikeʻikeʻAmelikaʻo Istanbul, ma Louvre, Niu Ioka, Chicago, ma Boston, aia he mau kīʻaha o nā liona, nā'īlio hihiu a me nā bipi, ma Detroit, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o nā Art, a mālamaʻia ka papahana o ka syrrush. Aia kekahi kope o ka'īpukaʻo Ishtar ma Iraq i ka puka o ka hale hōʻikeʻike.