ʻO ka kinotypili fetal i loko o ke kanaka he hui pūʻia o nā hōʻailona o kāna wae chromosomal. ʻO ka chromosome kanaka kahi 46, 22 o lākou he autosomes aʻelua mau chromosomes. No ka hoʻoholoʻana i ke karyotype kanaka, hoʻohanaʻia kona mau puʻupuʻu, kahi e paʻa ai me nā meaʻono, ke kiʻi a me ka nānāʻana i nā chromosomes e ka microscopy. I ka manawa like, ua aʻoʻia ka heluna o nā chromosomes, ko lākou nui a me keʻano o ka morphology. Hiki keʻikeʻia kekahi mau maʻi chromosomal e ka loli o ka heluna o nā chromosomes (e like me nā chromosomes), a ma o kekahi mau intrachromosomal a me interchromosomal hoʻohui hou.
Pehea e loiloi ai i ka'ōpiopio?
Pono ka paryatal ka manaʻoʻana o ka'ōpū no ka hōʻoia o nā maʻi chromosomal. No kēia mea, e pono ana nā pūnaewele fetal: kaʻona mele a me ka wai o ka wai.
Hiki ke hana i ka nānāʻokoʻaʻana a iʻole paha i ka haryotype fetal. Ma ka noiʻi piha, ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia nā chromosomes a pau o ka'ōpiopio, akā lōʻihi ka manawa aʻo - 14 mau lā. A me kahi nānāʻana i nā lā he 7,ʻo ia wale nō nā chromosomes, nā pilikia e hōʻike ana i nā maʻi genetic ( Down's Syndrome , Patau, a Edwards). ʻO ka manawa he 21, 13, 18 mau pai o nā chromosomes a me nā wāhine chromosomes.
Ke aʻoʻana i ka wahine chromosomes
Nui nā mākua e makemake eʻike i ke kāne o ke keiki ma mua o ka hānauʻana, aʻaʻole hōʻike i nā mea i kēia mau mea i ka hilinaʻi pono, akāʻo ka hoʻokalakupua e hoʻoholo pololei i ka wahine. Akā,ʻaʻole i hanaʻia ka hoʻokalakupuaʻana me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i nā chromosomes wahine. 46ʻOihana he'ōmaʻomanaʻo o ke kaikamahine, akā ināʻoi aku ka nui o ka chromosome X i kaʻelua (ʻoi aku 3 mau kālaiho X, aʻoi aku paha ma mua o 3 ke polysomy X),ʻo ia ka pilikia o ka hoʻomaha hope o ka naʻau, psychosis. Akāʻo ka monosia X (kahi X-chromosome) kahi hoʻohālike o ka maʻi Shershevsky-Turner.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu kūlohelohe maʻamau o ka 46 XY he mea hoʻohālike o ke keikikāne. Akā, e hānauʻia kahi keiki me kahi kāhili o XXU (ka polysomy o ka X chromosome i nā kāne) me ka maʻi o Klinefelter, aʻo kahi keikikāne me ka polishomy ma ka Iromoku o ka Y, e piʻi nui aʻe,ʻo kahi hoʻi hope o ka manaʻo a me ka piʻiʻana o ka huhū.
Nā mea e hōʻike ai i ke karyotyping fetal
ʻO nāʻike no ke karyotyping prenatal:
- nā makahiki o nā mākua ma mua o 35, ko lākou pili koko;
- Aia i loko o kēiaʻohana he mau keiki me nā malformations a iʻole nā'ōpū ma'ū o nā keiki me nā malformations, nā moe kolohe maʻamauʻole, ka hoʻopilikiaʻana i ka hānauʻana ma muli o kaʻikeʻana i nā hāpēpili o ka hanuʻana o ka hānal;
- nā hana hanaʻino a me nā ola o nā mākua, nā hanaʻino (nā lāʻauʻawaʻawa a iʻole ka waiʻona);
- nā maʻi viral i ka makahiki mua o ka'ōpū;
- ka manaʻo kānalua o nā maʻi kūlohelohe me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana o nā ultrasound i loko o ka 1 a me ka 2 mau lā o ka maleʻana.